Abstract:
Background: Ameloblastoma is a benign but locally infiltrative odontogenic epithelial neoplasm with a high risk for recurrence. Podoplanin, a lymphatic endothelium marker, putatively promotes collective cell migration and invasiveness in this neoplasm. However, its role in the recurrent ameloblastoma (RA) remains unclear. As morphological, signaling, and genetic differences may exist between primary and recurrent tumors, clarification of their distribution patterns is of relevance. Materials and methods: Podoplanin was examined immunohistochemically in conjunction with E-cadherin, -catenin, and CD44v6 in 25 RA. Immunostaining according to tumor area, cellular type, and location, and relationship of these proteins were analyzed. Findings were compared with 25 unrelated primary ameloblastomas (UPA). Results: All four proteins were detected in RA and UPA samples. Expression rates for each protein were not significantly different between these two groups. RA demonstrated significant upregulation of podoplanin at the invasive front (P<0.05), whereas upregulation of -catenin and CD44v6 and downregulation of E-cadherin at this site were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Immunolocalization for all four proteins was predominantly membranous and less frequently cytoplasmic. Pre-ameloblast-like cells were podoplanin(+)/CD44v6(-), while stellate reticulum-like cells were podoplanin(-)/CD44v6(+). Acanthomatous, granular cell, and desmoplastic variants in both RA and UPA were podoplanin(-/low) but stained weak-to-moderate for E-cadherin, -catenin, and CD44v6. Stromal fibroblasts and lymph channels were variably podoplanin-positive. Conclusions:Podoplanin, -catenin, and CD44v6 upregulation at the tumor invasive fronts in RA and UPA supports a differential regulatory role by these molecules in mediating collective cell migration and local invasiveness. E-cadherin downregulation suggests altered cell adhesion function during tumor progression. Source: JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE Status: A paid open access option is available for this journal at Wiley Please cite as: Siar CH, Ishak I, Kok HN. Podoplanin, E-cadherin, β-catenin and CD44v6 in recurrent ameloblastoma: their distribution patterns and relevance. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 2015; 44(1): 51-58
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Abstract:
Periodontal bio-repositories, which allow banking of clinically validated human data and biological samples, provide an opportunity to derive biomarkers for periodontal diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic activities which are expected to improve patient management. This article presents the establishing of the Malaysian Periodontal Database and Biobank System (MPDBS) which was initiated in 2011 with the aim to facilitate periodontal research. Partnerships were established with collaborating centres. Policies on specimen access, authorship and acknowledgement policies were agreed upon by all participating centres before the initiation of the periodontal biobank. Ethical approval for the collection of samples and data were obtained from institutional ethics review boards. A broad-based approach for informed consent was used, which covered areas related to quality of life impacts, genetics and molecular aspects of periodontal disease. Sample collection and processing was performed using a standardized protocol. Biobanking resources such as equipment and freezers were shared with the Malaysian Oral Cancer Database and Tissue Bank System (MOCDTBS). In the development of the MPDBS, challenges that were previously faced by the MOCDTBS were considered. Future challenges in terms of ethical and legal issues will be faced when international collaborations necessitate the transportation of specimens across borders. Source: ORAL DISEASES Status: A paid open access option is available for this journal at Wiley Please cite as: Vaithilingam RD, Safii SH, Baharuddin NH, Saub R, Zain RB. Establishing and managing a periodontal biobank for research: the sharing of experience. Oral Diseases, 2015; 21(1): E62-E69 Abstract:
Background: Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) instruments are useful outcome measures in dental health services research; however, there are no reports of the use OHRQoL measures in evaluating the outcome of basic dental care in children anywhere. Aim: The aims of this study are to evaluate the responsiveness of the Khmer version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire(11-14) (CPQ(11-14)) and to describe changes in OHRQoL associated with the provision of basic dental care. Design: A pre-test/post-test design, with a clinical convenience sample of children aged from 8 to 14 years of age who received basic dental care from a local nongovernmental organisation (NGO). Results: Of the 140 children in the baseline sample, 116 (82.9%) were followed up. The mean change in CPQ(11-14) overall score for those with caries was 1.7, representing a small improvement in OHRQoL. There was a moderate (one in three) statistically significant reduction in the prevalence of impacts across thewhole sample (P<0.001; McNemar test), and one in five improved by the minimally important difference (MID) of five-scale points. Conclusions: The Khmer version of the CPQ(11-14) appears to be a valid and responsive measure for assessing treatment-associated changes in OHRQoL inchildren with dental caries in Cambodia. Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY Status: A paid open access option is available for this journal at Wiley Please cite as: Turton BJ, Thomson WM, Page LAF, Saub R, Ishak AR.Responsiveness of the child perceptions questionnaire 11-14 for Cambodian children undergoing basic dental care. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, 2015; 25(1): 2-8 . Bone quality evaluation at dental implant site using multislice CT, micro-CT, and cone beam CT7/10/2015 Abstract:
Objectives: The first purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and calibrated radiographic bone density Hounsfield units (HU) in human jaws, derived from micro-CT and multislice computed tomography (MSCT), respectively. The second aim was to assess the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in evaluating trabecular bone density and microstructure using MSCT and micro-CT, respectively, as reference gold standards. Material and methods: Twenty partially edentulous human mandibular cadavers were scanned by three types of CT modalities: MSCT (Philips, Best, the Netherlands), CBCT (3D Accuitomo 170, J Morita, Kyoto, Japan), and micro-CT (SkyScan 1173, Kontich, Belgium). Image analysis was performed usingAmira (v4.1, Visage Imaging Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA), 3Diagnosis (v5.3.1, 3diemme, Cantu, Italy), Geomagic (studio (R) 2012, Morrisville, NC, USA), and CTAn (v1.11, SkyScan). MSCT, CBCT, and micro-CT scans of each mandible were matched to select the exact region of interest (ROI). MSCT HU, micro-CTBV/TV, and CBCT gray value and bone volume fraction of each ROI were derived. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the correlations between corresponding measurement parameters. Results: Strong correlations were observed between CBCT and MSCT density (r = 0.89) and between CBCT and micro-CT BV/TV measurements (r = 0.82). Excellent correlation was observed between MSCT HU and micro-CT BV/TV (r = 0.91). However, significant differences were found between all comparisons pairs (P < 0.001) except for mean measurement between CBCT BV/TV and micro-CT BV/TV (P = 0.147). Conclusions: An excellent correlation exists between bone volume fraction and bone density as assessed on micro-CT and MSCT, respectively. This suggests that bone density measurements could be used to estimate bone microstructural parameters. A strong correlation also was found between CBCT gray values and BV/TV and their gold standards, suggesting the potential of this modality in bone quality assessment at implant site. Source: Clinical Oral Implants Research Status: A paid open access option is available for this journal at Wiley Please cite as: Parsa A, Ibrahim N, Hassan B, van der Stelt P, Wismeijer D. Bone quality evaluation at dental implant site using multislice CT, micro-CT and come beam CT. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 2015; 26(1): E1-E7 Abstract:
The fundamental pattern of chewing induced by the network of neurons called central pattern generator has been reported to be modified by the information arising from the various oro-facial sensory receptors including muscle spindles of jaw closing muscles. The cell bodies of primary afferent neurons from thesemuscle spindles lie in mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN) in the brainstem. The aim of the study was to understand whether muscle spindles from jaw-closing muscles play any role in hard food chewing. Single neuronal discharge of muscle spindle afferents was recorded from the MTN simultaneous with jaw-movement and electromyograpic (EMG) activities of the left masseter (jaw-closing) muscle during chewing soft and hard foods (apple and pellet) in awake rabbits. Ten consecutive chewing cycles were taken for analysis. Discharge of nineteen muscle spindles from seven rabbits was successfully recorded.Muscle-spindle discharge was significantly higher during the closing phase of jaw-movement for the hard food chewing than for the soft food. The jaw-closingmuscle EMG activity was significantly higher during hard food chewing compared to soft food. The spindle discharge was higher when the masseter muscleactivity was greater for chewing hard food. Significant positive (r=0.822, p=<0.001) correlation was found between the difference of muscle activity between apple and pellet and the difference of spindle discharge between apple and pellet. Above findings suggest that the increase of spindle discharge during hardfood chewing may play a role for facilitating jaw-closing muscle activities and thereby provides servo-assistance to jaw-closing muscles to compensate the hardness of food. Source: Sains Malaysiana Status: Full text available at http://www.ukm.my/jsm/pdf_files/SM-PDF-44-4-2015/14%20H.M.%20Zakir.pdf Please cite as: Zakir HM, Kitagawa J, Fathilah AR, Bakri MM. Muscle spindles provide servo-assistance to jaw-closing muscles for chewing hard foods. Sains Malaysiana, 2015; 44(4): 593-597 Abstract:
This study was aimed to investigate the perception of dental practitioners in Malaysia regarding the treatment needs and the hitches clinicians face inproviding dental care to Special Needs Patients ( SNPs) including the challenges faced by them. Self-administered survey forms were distributed to 150 randomly selected private dentists in Malaysia. The survey consists of 16 questions where 13 were close-ended questions and 3 were open-ended questions. The data were analysed using SPSS software version 12.0. Response rate was 68%. 81.4% of the dentists stated that they are willing to treat SNPS and mostly provide emergency treatment, extractions and restorations to SNPs. 87.2% of the dentists encountered less than 5 SNPs within a period of one month, and only 2% of dentists had seen more than 11 patients. 63.7% of dentists were not aware of the act for persons with disabilities. Dentists identified behavioural management, insufficient skills, lack of training, financial issues, time constraint, physical barriers, inadequate referral facilities, inadequate exposure during undergraduate studies and insufficient financial reimbursement were the main barriers to provide dental care to SNPs. Most of the dentists agreed that no ground floor surgery, steps at clinic entrance, no lift to access 1st floor clinic, and lack of equipment as the physical barriers for SNPs to access their clinic. Our results conclude that the training acquired by dentists in special needs dentistry should be enhanced to provide comprehensive dentalcare to SNPs. Source: Biomedical Research- India Status: Full text available at http://www.biomedres.info/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/152-156.333202427.pdf Please cite as: Bindal P, Chai WL, Bindal U, Safi SZ, Zainuddin Z, Lionel A. Dental treatment and special need patients (SNPs): dentist’s point of view in selected cities of Malaysia. Biomedical Research- India, 2015; 26(1): 152-156 Abstract:
Human saliva plays a pivotal role in digesting food and maintaining oral hygiene. The presence of electrolytes, mucus, glycoproteins, enzymes, antibacterial compounds, and gingival crevicular fluid in saliva ensures the optimum condition of oral cavity and general health condition. Saliva collection has been proven non-invasive, convenient, and inexpensive compared to conventional venipuncture procedure. These distinctive advantages provide a promising potential ofsaliva as a diagnostic fluid. Through comprehensive analysis, an array of salivary proteins and peptides may be beneficial as biomarkers in oral and systemic diseases. In this review, we discuss the utility of human salivary proteomes and tabulate the recent salivary biomarkers found in subjects with acutemyocardial infarction as well as respective methods employed. In a clinical setting, since acute myocardial infarction contributes to large cases of mortality worldwide, an early intervention using these biomarkers will provide an effective solution to reduce global heart attack incidence particularly among its high-risk group of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. The utility of salivary biomarkers will make the prediction of this cardiac event possible due to its reliability hence improve the quality of life of the patients. Current challenges in saliva collection are also addressed to improve the quality of saliva samples and produce robust biomarkers for future use in clinical applications. Source: International Journal of Medical Sciences Status: Open Access. Full text available at http://www.medsci.org/v12p0329.htm Please cite as: Rahim MAA, Rahim ZHA, Ahmad WAW, Hashim OH. Can saliva proteins be used to predict the onset of acute myocardial infarction among high-risk patients? International Journal of Medical Sciences, 2015; 12(4): 329-335 |